The Lowell Observatory

Introduction The space contains various wonders objects with significant effects on the study of astronomy. A wide range of research is commonly conducted in space to establish and prove various theories that are aimed at explaining the origin and significance of these heavenly bodies. The space was largely unknown to many in the ancient times.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Lowell Observatory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, people thought that the sun goes around the earth, which they believed was stationary. These facts were trashed as more researchers made progress in observing space with the aid of a telescope, among others. The solar system has increasingly received much attention as to its origin and significance to a community that is continuously exploiting the airspace. These researches cannot be achieved without the aid of advanced astronomical facilities. Among these is the Lowe ll Observatory, located in Arizona, in the United States. This facility has enabled astronomers to conduct major research on a wide range of astrophysical systems and the solar system. It has also been utilized to observe the space through its high resolution telescopes. Other services that people enjoy in Lowell include widescreen multimedia shows, tour in the universe through space theatres, and beautiful sceneries, among others. This paper will explore the Lowell observatory, its establishment, functions, and significance to research in astronomy and the society at large (Ribokas 1). The Lowell Observatory The Lowell Observatory was founded in 1894 as an institution that serves researchers and also for public outreach. It is usually known as the people’s observatory, given its significance in the development of astrophysics and research. The Observatory is also credited with telescope viewing, tours of the universe as well as widescreen multimedia shows, among other servic es to the public. The institution is a non-profit making organization and was founded by Percival Lowell. In addition, the institution is committed to providing excellence in research as well as outreach to the public. This is of great significance to the community and the development of astrophysical research (Ribokas 1). History The Lowell Observatory was instituted in 1894, in flagstaff, Arizona. The institution, which is based in United States, has enabled astronomers to conduct major research on a wide range of astrophysical systems and the solar system. It has also been utilized to observe the space through its high resolution telescopes. The space was largely unknown to many in the ancient times.Advertising Looking for research paper on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, people thought that the sun goes around the earth, which they believed was stationary. These facts were trashed as more researchers ma de progress in observing space with the aid of telescopes, among other devices (Lowell 34). Fig. 1: shows Percival Lowell’s mausoleum Source: Lowell Observatory Lowell Observatory was founded in 1894 as an institution that serves researchers and for public outreach. This was done by Percival Lowell, who founded the institution. The institution has a rich account of observations that have been conducted. For instance, it contributed to discovery of many heavenly bodies, such as the planet, Pluto. It also predicted the discovery of the same planet. The observatory has undergone several improvements and technological developments to advance its functions. Its initial function was to aid in measuring solar irradiance variability. However, this changed when Harold Johnson assumed the Observatory in 1952. Instead it focused on studying light reflecting off Neptune and Uranus, from the sun. This led to the installation of its present 21-inch telescope. Furthermore, it was this peri od that led to more research on Neptune and Uranus.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Lowell Observatory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Functions of the Lowell Observatory Lowell Observatory has been influential in providing a renewing experience to the society. These include telescope viewing, tours of the universe as well as widescreen multimedia shows, among other services to the public, among others. The institution is therefore very instrumental in the society and works to provide resourceful services to the neighborhood as well as national and international researchers. Moreover the center acts as a good facility for astronomical research and other relevant space research. In addition, it has been utilized to promote human understanding of the solar system. This is important as ancient understanding of solar system has changed over the years. Myths that arose in the ancient times have been dif fused to pave way for a better understanding based on provable and observable ideas and objects respectively in research and experiments. This has been achieved by the introduction of telescopes, and other devices such as the astrograph, LONEOS Schmidt and Clark telescopes, among others. The following figures illustrate the Lowell Observatory and some of its telescopes. Fig. 1 LONEOS Schmidt telescope Source: Lowell Observatory Advertising Looking for research paper on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig. 2 Pluto Telescope Source: Lowell Observatory Fig. 3 Observatory Dome of Clark telescope Source: Lowell Observatory The facility currently posses over 11 telescopes, five of which are used Mars Hill. In addition, two of the five are available for use by the public. Six telescopes are also used mainly for scientific observation in the institution’s dark-sky site, which is located in the southeast. The major functions of this institution may be categorized as stated below (Ribokas 1). Research center Lowell observatory offers a wide range of astronomical research facilities to the astronomers. Through its vast and advanced facilities, which include telescopes (that are space based), among others, astronomers are able to conduct their research on various astrophysical subjects as well as the solar system. Other areas of concern to astronomers are studies on the planets, formation of planets, forming of planets around stars and young stars. Still others include studies on as teroids, which include surveys on those that exist near the earth’s surface (Ribokas 1). In addition, the studies Lowell institution supports include those centered on investigating Kuiper Belt which lies beyond the Neptune. The facility also aids studies on variability of the sun, which are essential to meteorology and space technology. Lowell observatory is very important in facilitation investigations on formation of stars, building and customizing Instrumentations, which are utilized in telescopes. This sets the institution aside as a research center. Educational center The institution acts as an educational center as it brings knowledge through research and observation of some of the mysteries in space. In addition, it has been utilized to promote human understanding of the solar system. This is important as the ancient understanding of the solar system has changed over the years. yths that arose in the ancient times have been dismissed through better research to provide for a better understanding based on observable research and experiments. This has been achieved by the introduction of telescopes, and other devices that have been instrumental in promoting knowledge on space and astronomy (Lowell Observatory 1). These researches cannot be achieved without the aid advanced astronomical facilities, such as those in Lowell Observatory. These facilities have enabled astronomers to conduct major research on a wide range of astrophysical systems and the solar system. It as also been utilized to observe space through its high resolution telescope. This has also aided astronomers to conduct their research on various astrophysical subjects as well as the solar system and thus promote it as an educational center. These have included studies on planets, their formation, forming of planets around stars and young stars, asteroids, among others (Ribokas 1). In addition, the studies that Lowell institution supports include those focused on investigating Kuiper B elt, which lies beyond the Neptune. The facility also aids studies on variability of the sun, which are essential to meteorology and space technology. Lowell observatory is therefore very important in facilitating investigations on formation of stars, building and customizing Instrumentations, which are utilized in the telescopes. Tourist site The institution also acts as a tourist attraction center, given the services it offers and its unique location in the country. The dark skies provide good sceneries for tourist and this helps them to discover wonders of the solar system. Furthermore, some of the tourists who visit Lowell center usually come to learn about skies and its inclusions. The location of this institution also makes it unique as it lies on the high mountains that provide fresh air, which is renewing to observers. Objects usually viewed near-earth asteroids, meteorites and other heavenly bodies that make up the solar system (Strauss 23). Recreational center Over 700000 people visit the center yearly, some of which come for recreation purposes. This is because, as much as space is a mystery, it is also exiting to watch. Other recreational activities include tours of the space through 3D theatres and views of multimedia shows that are broadcasted in widescreen high definition devices. All these provide exciting site for both children and adults in their quest to understand their world (Ribokas 1). In essence, the facility provides an exclusive site for recreational activities and explorers who are increasingly visiting the institution. Significance of the Lowell Observatory The Lowell Observatory has been important since it aids scientific discoveries and research in the United States and other parts of the world, with regards to astronomy and space. Through its vast and advanced facilities, which include telescopes (that are space based), among others. Astronomers are able to conduct their research on various astrophysical subjects as well as the s olar system. Other areas of concern to astronomers are studies on the planets, formation of planets, forming of planets around stars and young stars. In addition, it has been utilized to promote the human understanding of the solar system. This is important as the ancient understanding of the solar system has changed over the years (Bowell 1). Astronomers are able to conduct their research on various astrophysical subjects as well as the solar system. Other areas of concern to astronomers are studies on the planets, formation of planets, forming of planets around stars and young stars. Still others include studies on asteroids, which include surveys on those that exist near the earth’s surface (Ribokas 1). In addition, the studies the Lowell institution supports include those centered on investigating Kuiper Belt which lies beyond the Neptune. The facility also aids studies on variability of the sun, which are essential to meteorology and space technology. Lowell observatory is very important in facilitation investigations on formation of stars, building and customizing Instrumentations, which are utilized in the telescopes. The institution acts as a tourist site as has been mentioned above. Several people visit the center for recreation purposes over the years. This is because, as much as space is a mystery, it is very exiting to watch. Other recreational activities include tours of the space through 3D theatres and views of multimedia shows that are broadcasted in widescreen high definition devices. All these inclusions are important in establishing the institution as a center for excellence in research and outreach to the public. It is also important to note that the institution acts as a tourist attraction center, since it offers great sceneries and observations through the telescope. In addition, its unique location serves it best in attracting more visitors. For instance, the dark skies provide good sceneries for tourist and this helps them to dis cover the mysteries of the solar system. Conclusion The Lowell Observatory has been influential in aiding scientific discoveries and research in the United States and other parts of the world, with regards to astronomy and space. In addition, it has been utilized to promote the human understanding of the solar system. This is important as the ancient understanding of the solar system has changed over the years. Myths that arose in the ancient times have been diffused to pave way for a better understanding based on observable research and experiments. This has been achieved by the introduction of telescopes, and other devices that have been instrumental in promoting knowledge on space and astronomy (Lowell Observatory 1). These researches cannot be achieved without the aid advanced astronomical facilities. Among these is the Lowell Observatory, located in Arizona, in the United States. This facility has enabled astronomers to conduct major research on a wide range of astrophysical sy stems and the solar system. It as also been utilized to observe the space through its high resolution telescope. Astronomers are able to conduct their research on various astrophysical subjects as well as the solar system. Other areas of concern to astronomers are studies on the planets, formation of planets, forming of planets around stars and young stars. Still others include studies on asteroids, which include surveys on those that exist near the earth’s surface (Ribokas 1). In addition, the studies the Lowell institution supports include those centered on investigating Kuiper Belt which lies beyond the Neptune. The facility also aids studies on variability of the sun, which are essential to meteorology and space technology. Lowell observatory is therefore very essential in facilitating investigations on formation of stars, building and customizing Instrumentations, which are used for telescopes. Works Cited Bowell, Edward. â€Å"The Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object S earch (LONEOS): Ten years of asteroid and comet discovery†. What’s Happening Magazine, Space. Web. Lowell Observatory. â€Å"Lowell Observatory: Daily events†. Lowell.edu. Web. Lowell Observatory. â€Å"Lowell Observatory: The Discovery Channel telescope†. Lowell.edu. Web. Lowell Observatory. â€Å"Lowell Observatory: The people’s Observatory†. Lowell.edu. Web. Lowell, William. â€Å"The Explorers of Mars Hill: A Centennial History of Lowell Observatory, 1894-1994†. New Hampshire: Phoenix Publishing, 1994. Ribokas, Bob. â€Å"Lowell Observatory – Flagstaff, Arizona†. Grand Canyon Explorer. Web. Strauss, David. â€Å"Percival Lowell: The Culture and Science of a Boston Brahmin†. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. This research paper on The Lowell Observatory was written and submitted by user Beetle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Is the International Baccalaureate (IB) Program

What Is the International Baccalaureate (IB) Program SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you are checking out this article, you have probably heard of this thing called IB or International Baccalaureate. You may have heard that it is something like AP. You might have read our article on What's Better for You: IB or AP? College Expert Guide. I am actually a recipient of an IB Diploma from Suncoast Community High School in Riviera Beach, Florida. I know the program from the inside, so in this article, I'll give you a factual overview of IB as well as my opinions. What Is IB? What Is the International Baccalaureate Program? The International Baccalaureate (IB) program was designed in Switzerland in the 1960s.The program was designed to be a rigorous, internationally recognized diploma for entry into universities that students all around the world could earn.You can read more about the history and philosophy of the IB program over at their website. An IB diploma is a credential issued to students by the IBO and recognized by most colleges and universities (I will go into more detail on this below). Not all students who pursue an IB diploma will receive one. To earn an IB diploma, you have to go to an IB-approved school and meet the requirements, including taking classes in the six subject groups, passing their exams, and completing three additional core requirements.All of which I'll cover more in-depth in our other article on IB Diploma Requirements. If you don’t want to pursue the diploma, some schools allow you to take a few IB classes without doing the full-blown diploma program, though each high school sets its own policy on this.My school did NOT allow anyone who was not a diploma candidate to take IB classes.Find out the school policy before you decide to attend. Find a school in your hometown in our complete list of IB Schools in the US; email the IB coordinator to ask their policy. Where Can You Take IB Classes? Where Can You Get an IB Diploma? You can take IB classes and get your IB diploma at many local schools.There are 873 IB Diploma Program Schools in the US, and there are 4,162 schools in the world offering IB programs, though not all of these offer the Diploma Program (there are programs just for elementary and middle school students as well as a career program). To find out if there is a school near you check out our other article on IB Schools in the US.You can also take certain IB classes online at Pamoja Education.However, you cannot get your IB diploma online because Pamoja Education does not offer Group 1 nor Group 4 classes online.For a full list of online classes, check out our other article on Which IB Courses Can I Take Online? Can I Get an Online IB Diploma? Will IB be useful in college? Can You Get College Credit for IB Classes or an IB Diploma? Yes! Each school may have slightly different qualifications for getting credit for IB classes, but most college classes give you credit for IB HL classes with an exam score of 5 or higher.Some colleges even wave your general education requirements for those students with an IB Diploma.Others like University of Southern California (my alma mater) give you a full year’s worth of credit to those with an IB Diploma. Look up colleges' individual IB college credit policy by googling â€Å"[Name of College/University] IB credit policy.†Most universities have a dedicated web page for explaining their IB credit policy. What Is the Difference Between IB and AP? While AP exams are typically all or mostly multiple-choice, IB exams are mostly written, essay-based.IB classes tend to have a wider worldview: making you read a lot of foreign books, learn foreign history, and learn a foreign language. AP classes typically focus heavily on the test material. IB is a more well-rounded education in my opinion because you are required to submit a written component (typically a report or essay) that will count towards your ultimate IB score in addition to the IB exam at the end of the course. For example, for science classes, you are required to complete extensive lab reports. Another example, for history, you are required to do an extensive report on a specific subject that aligns with the history you are learning about, and you get to choose the topic you write about.I learned about European history, and my report focused on Allied Prisoners of War in Europe in WWII. IB is far less popular than AP in the United States.2.3 million took AP exams in 2014, about 1 million of those students are in the US, while only about 135,000 students took IB exams in 2014, and about 73,000 of those students are in the US, the rest are international.67,524 were diploma candidates – students completing the full IB program in hopes of earning an IB diploma. IB is more expensive than AP classes.For IB, there is a $160 registration fee plus a $110 fee per exam. While this is a lot of money, it is much less than the tuition you would pay for the same intro-level college course. Many schools also have their own financial aid programs for IB.Some schools cover the cost of IB registration and exam fees.My public school (Suncoast Community High School) covered all of the costs for IB registration and exam fees as well as AP exam fees for all students as long as they were enrolled in the corresponding class, so I never paid for any testing.Ask your local IB school what their policy is by emailing the IB coordinator(you can find their contact information throughour other article IB Schools).Read more aboutfees from the IBO. AP exams only cost $91 each without a registration fee, so they are cheaper, but both are still much less expensive than the cost of a college course.Also, AP does not currently offer a diploma program. Why Should You Take IB Classes or Pursue an IB Diploma? On top of the opportunity for college credit, I truly think the IB program is the best preparation for college (even better than the community college classes I took using a dual-enrollment program).IB prepares students to think globally and to write about a variety of topics.I really believe in the IB program. It provides students with more creative opportunities than AP classes.Students are allowed to choose topics for their reports and are not typically assigned one specific topic. For example,I am very passionate about film and theatre.I got to explore that passion through my extended essay as I mentioned before, and I also got to explore it in my oral presentation for my Spanish B class in which I talked about Pedro Almodovar and Spanish Cinema. Also, I am very interested in my family history.As I mentioned in my history class, I wrote a report on Allied Prisoners of War in Europe in WWII. My own grandfather was a prisoner of war. I got to track down details of his experiences and include it in my report. IB is a fantastic program for gifted students who love to read and learn about the world.IB allows students to pursue their interests and find their passions. What’s Next? Trying to figure out what extracurricular you should do? Learn more about participating in Science Olympiad, starting a club, doing volunteer work, andjoining Student Government. Studying for the SAT? Check out our complete guide to the SAT.Taking the SAT in the next month? Check out our guide to cramming. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school.Also, figure out your target SAT score or target ACT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Hamlet by Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hamlet by Shakespeare - Essay Example the period from the 14th up to the 17th centuries, but also a series of works of literature and art with specific characteristics. The Renaissance literature in the west is discussed in this paper. Particular emphasis is given on Shakespeare tragedy and Elizabethan drama. It is proved that Renaissance literature is differentiated from the works of literature of other periods, probably under the influence of the social and cultural trends of the specific period. In any case, it is made clear that the expansion of Renaissance, as a social and political movement, has been strongly supported by the literature of the particular period, as proved through the analysis of the ideas and the trends promoted through the Shakespeare tragedy, the Elizabethan drama and other works of literature that were aligned with the principles of Renaissance. In order to understand the nature and the role of Renaissance literature, it would be valuable to refer to specific works of literature of the specific period. Shakespeare tragedy and Elizabethan drama represent the principles of Renaissance as they have been aligned with the political and social ethics of Britain in the particular period of time. At first level, the following issue should be made clear: western literature has been strongly affected by Renaissance literature as these two types of literature have been developed within the same geographical area. For this reason, Renaissance has managed to influence western literature more than other types of literature developed internationally, for instance the Japanese literature. This phenomenon is highlighted in the study of Moore and Moody (187) and seems to be quite logical, also in terms of the common political and social traditions of western countries. In accordance with Keenan, the Renaissance literature had to faced an important problem: most of the works of literature developed during the particular period proved as ‘not timeless’ (Keenan 38), as initially t hought. It is noted that since the 17th century, the reputation of Renaissance authors, like Shakespeare, started to fell (Keenan 38), a phenomenon that has lasted up to the late 19th century (Keenan 38). Then, the interest for the Renaissance literature and works of literature, like Hamlet, increased significantly. Regarding specifically Hamlet, the specific work of literature was considered as ideal for identifying information related to Elizabethan England of the Renaissance period (Keenan 38). Hamlet, a play that performed for first time approximately at 1600-1601, has been based on the Danish history, a tale initially developed by Grammaticus (Keenan 92). It is explained that Shakespeare has alternated the tale and added a series of events, such as the appearance of the ghost of Hamlet for increasing the elements of tragedy related to the particular story (Keenan 92). These events and dialogues have been considered as necessary in order for tragedy to be increased; at the same time, the response of Hamlet to the events showed the role of revenge, as a tool for enforcing justice, even if this tool is not legally and socially justified. However, given the fact of the development of court corruption in that particular period, as presented through Hamlet, the use of revenge for enforcing justice seems to be appropriate, as this support is reflected in the response of the audience, which tends to support Hamlet. Hamlet, like the other works of Shakespeare, emphasized on tragedy, a fact that has made

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 21

Case Study - Essay Example The analysis primarily comprises of the situations that result in to the decline or death of a brand and the appropriate approaches that can be applied to strengthen the survival of the brand and give it another chance of survival (Aaker, 1991). The death or decline of a brand is a complicated issue that a time leads to controversies, a good example sis the collapse of the Taurus brand after two decades. This brand by Ford Motors is a good example to indicate that the period of time that a brand stays in the market cannot be set, when the time for a brand to die or decline reaches, the entire process becomes irreversible. A good instance of how complex it is to revive a brand after its collapse id the example of the Harley-Davidson motorcycles. The main reason why it’s hard to revive a declining brand is precisely due to financial losses. However, research shows that it’s better to revive a declining or dead brand rather than developing a new brand, this is because the process of reviving a brand has reduced risks and expenses (Sunil & Chiranjeev, 2009). Branding is a technique that in many years has been applied to differentiate products and services from different suppliers. In the current day, the strength of a brand is contributed by its equity with its consumers. This is also defined as brand equity. Brand equity refers to the degree of difference effect that consumers product know how regarding a brand has on the reaction of a purchaser to the promotion activities. Today, some of the brands that have managed to maintain a very strong brand equity includes such as coca cola, HP, Sony to name but a few(Aaker, 1991). There are several reasons as to why brand die or decline, they include the introduction of the brand, its growth, the maturity of a brand and eventually the decline.in addition to these four factors, there are reason that a brand may die or decline, they include such as increase in prices of the brand with no increase in the

Undertake a Project Essay Example for Free

Undertake a Project Essay Q1. A project is a defined set of planned and managed activities carried out for a period of time, which has a defined start and end time. (State of New South Wales, Dep of Education and Training 2013, Topic 1, p.1) E.g. the erection of bus stop shelters on all bus stops in the suburb of Wellwish. The features of a project include: * Having a defined beginning and end date. (The project will run for approximately 7 months) * It has unique purpose with specific objectives that meet the client’s goals and requirements within specified quality and performance criteria. (The bus shelters will provide protection from the sun and rain in summer and rainy for bus commuters in the suburb). * Uses resources, such as money, time, people and equipment that have been allocated to the project. (This project will be go source of income to the local community as they will be employed to undertake most of the work) * Usually follows a planned and structured approach to meet their objectives. (The will be road and foot path closures in the areas where the construction of the bus shelter will be, but there will be notices in advance of which roads will be affected. This will minimise any unforseen accident from the members of the Wellwish suburb). * Have a primary sponsor or stakeholders who provide directions and funding. (Apart from the local council being the main sponsor of this project, the local community will be given up-to-date information on the progress of this project and any disruptions which might occur in the process). Q2 1.Planning Originates Controlling: In planning process, the objectives or targets are to be set, and to achieve those goals, control process is required. So we can say that Planning precedes control. 2. Control sustains planning: Controlling directs the course of planning. Controlling spots the areas where planning is required. 3. Controlling provides information for planning: In controlling, the performance is compared with standards and deviations, if any, are to be recorded. The information collected during any type of control, is used for planning also. 4. Planning and control are inter-related: Planning is the initial step of a project and controlling is in the process and required at every step. For the same both are dependent upon each other and inter-related. 5. Both are forward looking: Planning is always for the future and control is forward looking. No one has the control on past, it is only the future, which can be controlled. There are tools which will be using in the smooth operation of the project of erection of bus shelters in the suburb of Wellwish. In this project I have decided to use three tools which will assist us in the planning and controlling of activities throughout the duration the project, they are the work breakdown schedule (WBS), the Gantt chart and the critical path method. THE WORK BREAKDOWN SCHEDULE (WBS): This tool will help us high light the goals of the project, its objectives, its tasks and sub-tasks and all the work activities which will be undertaken during the construction the bus shelters in the suburb (State of New South Wales, Dep of Education and Training 2013, Topic 2, p.12). THE GANTT CHARTS: This is the most used chart in most projects undertaken. They will be used to demonstrate various forms of project schedule information during the construction of the bus shelters. This chart will help us to see if the anticipated start and finish dates for the activities called for in a plan are on schedule. (Cole,2013, pp.505).They will be represented in a series of horizontal bars or lines in a given month/months. CRITICAL PATH METHODS This tool will be used to analyse the duration of the project by calculating the longest path within the project i.e which task will take the shortest period and longest period to complete. This will help us to focus and manage closely the task which might take long to complete (State of New South Wales, Dep of Education and Training 2013, Topic 2, p.14). Q3 Initiation A solid project initiation will not only set your project up for success but it will also lay the groundwork for all future stages. During initiation, I will get the project team members assigned, brief them on the overall project goals and ask the client or project owner as many questions as possible so you can plan the project efficiently. This is also a great time to build team enthusiasm about the project and collect any last minute details that might influence project planning. (Stricker, 2013) Planning Once I have initiated the project and gathered all relevant information, I will then begin planning the project. Katie Stricker (2013) explains that the planning stage will depends on the size of the project, how much information i have to organize and how large your team is. The end result of planning should be a clear project plan or schedule, from which everyone will follow their assigned tasks. Using a project-planning program such as Microsoft Project or Basecamp will be extremely helpful when planning a project. I will be using Excel and Word to create my plan and communicate it to the team will be the most effective way. Execution This is stage in which the team can begin executing the project against their assigned tasks (Stricker, 2013). This is the stage where everyone actually starts doing the work. I will officially kick-off the execution stage with in-person meetings to ensure everyone has what they need to begin executing their part of the project. Getting the team started on the right track is essential to project’s success, so a well-articulated schedule and communications plan will made clearly to all the team members. Monitor and Control While the project is in the execution stage, i will begin monitoring and controlling it to ensure its proceeding along as planned. There are a variety of ways I will be monitoring and controlling the project. Casual check-ins with team leaders, organized daily stand-ups† or more formal weekly status meetings are effective. The information that comes out of these meetings or communication channels will inform the feedback loop and ultimately any re-planning and adjustments that will be necessary to the project (Stricker, 2013). Project Close Once all the details and tasks of the project are complete and approved by the council of Wellwish, then I will finally close the project. The closing of a project is just as important as its initiation, planning and execution. I will be documenting all the information from the project and organize it neatly so if there will be need to go back to it, the information will be readily available. This will be also a good time to hold a review on the project so all team members can reflect on what went right, or wrong during the project. This should also be documented so the outcome can be shared with other project members and filed in a project history fold (Stricker, 2013). KEY ES| | EF| S| | | LS| | LF| PART 2 Activities of the critical path. 1| B| 6| 5| $45| | 6| 5| 11| 6| D| 10| 5| $52| | 11| 4| 13| 10| F| 14| 4| $56| | 14| 4| 18| 18| H| 20| 0| $30| | 18| 2| 20| 0| A| 1| 5| $20| | 5| 1| 6| 3| E| 5| 8| $40| | 11| 2| 13| 10| G| 13| 3| $36| | 13| 3| 16| 1| C| 3| 8 | $30| | 9 | 2| 11| 16| I| 20| 0| $60| | 16| 4| 20| (S=LF-EF or S= LS-ES) Cost ($000’s) b) The duration of the critical path was 6 months Activity| 1m| 2ms| 3ms| 4ms| 5ms| 6ms| 7ms| 8ms| 9ms| 10ms| 11ms| 12ms| 13ms| 14ms| 15ms| 16ms| 17ms| 18ms| 19ms| 20ms| A| $20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B| | $45| $45| $45| $45| $45| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C| | $30| $30| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | D| | | | | | | $52| $52| $52| $52| | | | | | | | | | | E| | | | $40| $40| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F| | | | | | | | | | | $56| $56| $56| $56| | | | | | | G| | | | | | | | | | | $36| $36| $36| | | | | | | | H| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $30| $30| | | | | I| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $60| $60| $60| $60| Cost ($000’s) REFERENCE LIST: Stricker, Katie 2013, The five stages of a project, Viewed 09/09/13, http://www.management.about.com/od/projectmanagement/a/Five-Stages-of-a-Project.htm Cole,K 2013, Management: theory and practice, 5th edn Pearson Australia, NSW State of New South Wales, Department of Education and Training, 2013, Define project, TAFE NSW, Sydney, NSW State of New South Wales, Department of Education and Training, 2013, Develop project plans, TAFE NSW, Sydney, NSW

Game Theory in Nature :: essays research papers

Game Theory in Nature: Biologists observe that animals and even lower organisms often behave altruistically. Such behavior is obviously beneficial for the species as a whole. Although it is difficult to measure how an animal’s altruistic behaviour affects its chances for survival and reproduction, theoretical research is starting to fill in the picture of how cooperation may survive natural selection. Some of the most illuminating ideas are coming from game theory, the field of mathematics that studies strategic behavior in competitive situations. For decades, game theorists' basic paradigm for the puzzle of cooperation has been the scenario called the prisoner's dilemma, in which each player has a powerful incentive to exploit the other. The game is set up so that cooperation is best for the group, but each player individually does better by taking advantage of the other. TIT FOR TAT: Things look rosier for cooperation in situations where a participant plays the prisoner's dilemma repeatedly with the same opponent and learns from previous games. After all, it can be risky to exploit someone you know you're going to encounter again. A player using the tit-for-tat strategy cooperates in the first round and then in each subsequent round mimics the opponent's behavior in the previous round. In a population containing a mix of defectors and tit-for-tat players, the latter generally do better, provided there are enough of them. When they meet another tit-for-tat player, both cooperate and get a high payoff. When they meet a defector, they get suckered once, but only once. If repeatedly losing the game translates into low fitness, often the defectors do so poorly that they eventually die out, leaving an entirely cooperative population. Ultimately, a better understanding of the interplay between cooperation and exploitation could help explain the emergence not just of cooperation but also of life itself. After all, life owes its origins to primeval acts of inanimate cooperation, in which RNA, proteins, and other molecules banded together to form cells. Game Theory in Nature :: essays research papers Game Theory in Nature: Biologists observe that animals and even lower organisms often behave altruistically. Such behavior is obviously beneficial for the species as a whole. Although it is difficult to measure how an animal’s altruistic behaviour affects its chances for survival and reproduction, theoretical research is starting to fill in the picture of how cooperation may survive natural selection. Some of the most illuminating ideas are coming from game theory, the field of mathematics that studies strategic behavior in competitive situations. For decades, game theorists' basic paradigm for the puzzle of cooperation has been the scenario called the prisoner's dilemma, in which each player has a powerful incentive to exploit the other. The game is set up so that cooperation is best for the group, but each player individually does better by taking advantage of the other. TIT FOR TAT: Things look rosier for cooperation in situations where a participant plays the prisoner's dilemma repeatedly with the same opponent and learns from previous games. After all, it can be risky to exploit someone you know you're going to encounter again. A player using the tit-for-tat strategy cooperates in the first round and then in each subsequent round mimics the opponent's behavior in the previous round. In a population containing a mix of defectors and tit-for-tat players, the latter generally do better, provided there are enough of them. When they meet another tit-for-tat player, both cooperate and get a high payoff. When they meet a defector, they get suckered once, but only once. If repeatedly losing the game translates into low fitness, often the defectors do so poorly that they eventually die out, leaving an entirely cooperative population. Ultimately, a better understanding of the interplay between cooperation and exploitation could help explain the emergence not just of cooperation but also of life itself. After all, life owes its origins to primeval acts of inanimate cooperation, in which RNA, proteins, and other molecules banded together to form cells.

Raccoon

Neil Ms. Parkhurst Chemistry 10/3/2012 Law of Conservation of Mass Inquiry Lab Background In the 19th century, Antoine Lavoisier discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass, the Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes. A Closed System can not exchange any of heat, work, or matter with the surrounding. An Open System can exchange all of heat, work, or matter. It allows interactions between its internal elements and the environment. PurposeThe purpose of this lab was to designed and complete a laboratory experiment that proves the law of conservation of mass. Procedure First of all, a flask was taking out and filled in with 15ml of water. The mass of the flask & water was determined and recorded. Then, an Alka Seltzer tablet was filled in the water. After a while, placed the flask & water & Alka Seltzer tablet on to the balance pan, the mass of the whole system was determined. This procedure was for the open system. For the close system, a flask was taking out and filled in with 15ml of water.The mass of the flask & water was determined and recorded. Then, an Alka Seltzer tablet was placed in a balloon, and put the balloon on the top of the flask, the Alka Seltzer tablet fell into the water. After the reaction was done, measured the mass of it, recorded it into the data table. IV. Data Table Data of Law of Conservation of Mass | |Mass | |Open system before |126. 3g | |Open system after |126. 09g | |Closed system before |143. 65g | |Closed system after |145. 21g | Conclusion and Analysis The mass of the open system before was 126. 53g, and the mass of open system after was 126. 09g. The mass of closed system before was 143. 65g, after was 145. 21g.Both set of data were close enough to justify the law of conservation of mass which is the mass were about the same before and after a reaction. According to the reaction, which was H2O + NaHCO3 = CO2 + H2O + NaOH, showed that the re were some gas which was CO2 were produced. According to the law of open and closed system, the CO2 were escaped from the open system, on the other hand, it were keep in the closed system. Because of that, the open system was missing some of the mass of gas, it made the first procedure differ from the second procedure.